The fragrant power of collective fear.

The fragrant power of collective fear.

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Fear is a well-characterized biological response to threatening or stressful situations in humans and other social animals.Importantly, fearful stimuli in the natural environment are likely to be encountered concurrently by a group folk rivet sweat of animals.The modulation of fear acquisition and fear memory by a group as opposed to an individual experience, however, remains largely unknown.Here, we demonstrate a robust reduction in fear memory to an aversive event undertaken in a group despite similar fear learning dorisvale station for sale between individually- and group-conditioned rats.This reduction persists outside the group confines, appears to be a direct outcome of group cognizance and is counteracted by loss of olfactory signaling among the group members.

These results show that a group experience of fear can be protective and suggest that distinct neural pathways from those classically studied in individuals modulate collective fear memories.